from inner verbalization. It will be indicated later that all reading 
in the ancient and medieval worlds was reading aloud. With 
print the eye speeded up and the voice quieted down. But inner 
verbalizing was taken for granted as inseparable from the 
horizontal following of the words on the page. Today we know 
that the divorce of reading and verbalizing can be made by 
vertical reading. This, of course, pushes the alphabetic 
technology of the separation of the senses to an extreme of 
inanity, but it is relevant to an understanding of how writing of 
any sort gets started.

     In a paper entitled “A History of the Theory of 
Information,” read to the Royal Society in 1951, E. Colin Cherry 
of the University of London, observed that “Early invention was 
greatly hampered by an inability to dissociate mechanical 
structure from animal form. The invention of the wheel was one